Garden Elements
- Published 2015.7.28
Bridges: Bridges first appeared in Japanese gardens during the Heian Period. Traditionally, bridges would be made out of stone or wood or logs with earth on top covered with moss and could be designed to be arched or flat. Sometimes bridges were part of the temple garden and were painted red to follow Chinese tradition (most times they were unpainted). Their main purpose was to connect islands and to cross streams or ponds. During Edo period, streams and winding paths were created with series of bridges in large gardens to take visitors on tour of scenic views of the garden. Bridges were built containing religious symbolism. For example, bridges could be built to resemble turtles and cranes which are symbols of health and longevity. Some bridges were also built to represent Mount Horai which was a sacred mystical mountain in Taoism.
Lanterns: Lanterns were evident in the Nara and Heian Period but were only located at Buddhist temples. They provided light and aesthetic being placed in key locations such as in the shallow end of ponds or near water. The lanterns were usually paired with water basins to create the basic component of tea gardens.
Basins: Basins were called tsukubai (蹲) and were usually used for ritual cleansing ahead of tea ceremonies. They were made out of simple depressions in uncut stone elaborating on carved stone creations. The basins also usually provided with bamboo dipper for scooping water. They are currently more for decoration/decorative addition more than for practical purpose.
Fences: Fences were first used extensively during Kamakura period and were surprisingly developed after walls were used although there was large availability and versatility of materials used. They were used to block views to help with concealment, separate sceneries, create boundaries around garden, act as windbreakers or screens, and emphasize special elements in gardens.